In 2021, the well-armed Middle East is filled with armed conflicts, domestic and anti-Western terrorism, and other forms of violence, which have produced over 500,000 fatalities and close to 10 million refugees since 2011. The main countries responsible for this violence are Iran (domestic repression and military and terroristic involvement in many countries around the world), Turkey (the key supporter of the Muslim Brotherhood terrorism, and militarily involved in Syria, Iraq, Libya, Horn of Africa, and the Persian Gulf); as well as Libya (internationalized civil war and global Islamic terrorism), Egypt (war on Muslim Brotherhood and ISIS terrorism) and Jordan (war on Muslim Brotherhood terrorism and explosive domestic conflicts). “Even without the Arab-Israel conflict, the Arab Middle East would have been a conflict-ridden and conflict-generating area." Source: The Ettinger Report