Seventy percent of Israel’s Arabs, or some 1.5 million citizens, do not see “Israeli” as being their primary or even secondary identity, according to a survey published by the Central Bureau of Statistics on Thursday.

The poll, which asked respondents to self-identify, said that only 3% of Arabs define themselves as Israeli citizens first, with 27% saying that their citizenship of the Jewish state defined their secondary identity.

The majority of respondents (56%) said they primarily define their identity as Arab, followed by 25% who defined themselves as Muslim first.