Pakistani-British security analyst Noor Dahri writes in a special article for the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs that despite the heavy military blows dealt to Hamas, the group remains “an institution across Gaza” after decades of embedding ideology, power structures, and governance modeled on the Muslim Brotherhood.

According to him, Hamas may be weakened, but it is still “strong enough to block alternatives,” and true disarmament is “almost impossible” as long as Gazan society is saturated with militia culture.

Dahri argues that Hamas did not merely run a terror army — it shaped an entire social ecosystem: education, mosques, local leadership, welfare mechanisms, and a pervasive ideological environment. These structures, he notes, continue operating even when military capabilities have been significantly reduced.