Recent surveys, particularly from the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany (Claims Conference), indicate significant gaps in Holocaust knowledge among young adults (often aged 18-29) in various European countries.

These findings have fueled discussions about declining awareness, especially as survivor testimonies fade and online misinformation spreads.A major 2025 multi-country study (covering the US, UK, France, Austria, Germany, Poland, Hungary, and Romania) highlighted worrying trends in Europe:
In France, 46% of young adults (18-29) reported they had not heard of the Holocaust (or were unsure if they had).
In Romania, 15% of the same age group said the same.
In Austria, 14%.
In Germany, 12%.
Many respondents across countries didn't know the established figure of 6 million Jews murdered, often underestimating it (e.g., believing 2 million or fewer). Young people were also more likely to view the death toll as exaggerated.

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