Since October 2023, Israel and Hezbollah have been engaged in a war of attrition, with varying intensities. Hezbollah has suffered significant losses, but Israel has also paid a high price. Alongside casualties and damage to infrastructure, tens of thousands of Israelis have been forced to leave their homes, particularly in the Galilee region, which Hezbollah aims to "conquer." While it cannot achieve this, Hezbollah has succeeded in depopulating the area.

For years, the Jewish population in the Galilee has been declining, unrelated to Hezbollah. Before the war, Jews made up less than 15% of the Galilee's population. Now, some who have left may relocate elsewhere in Israel, further reducing the Jewish presence. Israel must reverse this trend and strengthen its hold on the Galilee, not just through military action but by protecting both Jewish and Arab residents.

Since its establishment, Israel has conducted several campaigns and operations in Lebanon, starting with the War of Independence, through the conflicts with the PLO in the 1960s and 1970s, culminating in the Lebanon War of 1982. Afterward, Hezbollah replaced the PLO as the dominant force in Lebanon. Hezbollah is committed to the struggle against Israel but is more focused on strengthening its control over Lebanon than on Palestinian objectives.