The wave of illegal migration from Africa and Arab countries after the Arab Spring has long spiraled out of control. Millions entered Europe, many without authorization, lured by generous welfare systems. Among them were large numbers of criminals who used Europe as a new base for illegal activities.

As crime rates rose sharply, European governments faced restrictions under EU law that barred the expulsion of criminal refugees. But the damage has become so severe that states are now quietly moving to change both legal and practical frameworks, negotiating directly with countries of origin to take back their citizens. These governments often agreed after receiving substantial payments from Europe. 

The focus is on expelling those without legal permits, while only productive and integrated migrants may be considered for permanent residency.