Israeli researchers at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev have developed a novel approach to combating antibiotic-resistant bacteria by using substances found in coral. The breakthrough could transform how we treat persistent infections without harming beneficial bacteria in the body.

Led by Prof. Ariel Kushmaro and Dr. Karina Golberg, the team isolated more than 120 bacterial strains from corals off the coast of Eilat. These bacteria naturally produce compounds that interfere with quorum sensing, the communication system used by harmful bacteria to coordinate attacks and form protective layers known as biofilms.

Biofilms are dense, glue-like colonies that allow bacteria to resist antibiotics and the immune system. Common in hospital-acquired infections, biofilms are a significant reason why some diseases are so difficult to treat. The Israeli team identified two potent compounds that prevent harmful bacteria from forming these biofilms.

Focusing on two especially dangerous pathogens — Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii — the researchers found that these compounds significantly reduced the bacteria’s virulence. When combined with existing antibiotics, the treatment became even more effective, allowing the drugs to better penetrate biofilms and kill the bacteria.

What makes this discovery unique is that the compounds do not kill bacteria outright. Instead, they reduce their ability to cause harm, which avoids triggering resistance mechanisms and protects beneficial bacteria. This represents a shift in the fight against antibiotic resistance, emphasizing cooperation with natural systems.

This Israeli-led innovation not only highlights the potential of marine ecosystems, such as the Red Sea coral reefs, but also paves the way for new, nature-based treatments in global medicine. The research was supported by the National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev and published in BMC Biology.

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