The ICC has faced physical security breaches, including a 2022 incident in which Dutch intelligence caught a Russian operative using fake Brazilian credentials to infiltrate the court through an internship.

Dutch authorities had implemented extensive cybersecurity protocols around critical infrastructure during the June 24-25 NATO gathering, which brought together leaders from 32 member nations and thousands of attendees.

Yet hackers still managed to breach the tribunal’s defenses while the city was under heightened security.