The first, and most significant group opposing the Houthis is the legitimate Yemeni government itself, led by President Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi. 

Based in Aden after being ousted from the capital, Sana'a, the government has received support from a Saudi-led coalition aimed at restoring its authority. The coalition's military intervention has been crucial in providing the government with resources and legitimacy, although the conflict has led to complicated power dynamics on the ground.

Additionally, the Southern Transitional Council (STC), a group advocating for the independence of southern Yemen, has also positioned itself against the Houthis. While initially aligned with the Hadi government, the STC has increasingly sought to assert its own authority in the south, complicating the anti-Houthi front. Their struggle emphasizes regional grievances and aspirations for autonomy, reflecting the fractured nature of Yemeni politics.

Another notable opponent is the Islah Party, an influential political and religious group with ties to the Muslim Brotherhood. Islah has played a significant role in rallying forces against the Houthis, especially in northern Yemen. Its alignment with the government and participation in the coalition has been pivotal, although the party's Islamist ideology sometimes creates friction with other secular or nationalist factions.

Tribal coalitions also play a crucial role in opposing the Houthis. Various tribes, particularly in the central and northern regions, have mobilized to resist Houthi advances, leveraging local grievances and historical rivalries. These tribal forces often operate independently but can unite under broader anti-Houthi campaigns.

The complexity of Yemen's sociopolitical landscape means that opposition to the Houthis is not monolithic. Various groups often have conflicting agendas and interests, which can lead to fragmentation and infighting.